iOS13 Apple Push Notification Service (APNS) 部署指南

证书配置

在iOS的profile配置文件中，包含有App Identifier，指定的签名证书，以及需要申请的一些系统权限，其中就包括推送通知权限，所以部署APNS需要从证书的生成开始，登录苹果开发者后台https://developer.apple.com/account 生成。

生成Certificate Signing Request（CSR）文件

打开Keychain App，选择 证书助理->选择从证书颁发机构请求证书->保存到磁盘

证书申请

  1. 点击添加Certificates，选择类别iOS App Developement，选择刚刚的csr文件请求开发者身份证书，并下载到本地备用

  2. 点击添加Certificates，选择类别iOS Distribution，选择刚刚的csr文件请求ad hoc和App Store环境用的身份证书，并下载到本地备用

  3. 点击添加identifier, 选择App IDs，创建app的bundle identifier

  4. 点击添加Certificates，选择类别Apple Push Notification service SSL (Sandbox & Production)，生成推送证书，当然也可以分别选择两种环境进行生成

  5. 点击添加Devices，把development环境下需要测试设备的udid添加进去

  6. 点击添加profile，分别选择developement和app store环境，选择以上生成的证书进行生成，分别生成两种环境下的profile文件

项目配置

证书设置

  1. 把上面证书申请的所有证书双击添加到钥匙串中

  2. 在项目的签名signing & Capabilities中，取消automatically manage signing, 在下面手动选择对应环境的profile配置

权限声明

选中工程中的signing & Capabilities, 选择 +Capability，在列表中选择Push Notification, Background Modes添加到列表中，在Background Modes勾选Remote Notification

环境选择

在上面选择了Push Notification之后，系统会自动生成一个entitlement文件在工程的根目录下，同时，在build setting的Code Signing Entitlement中也会自动指向这个文件的路径。在这个文件中，有一个APS Environment的值，可以填写development和production，分别对应推送通知的sandbox和production环境。

framework

在iOS10以上的版本，需要导入UserNotification.framework框架

代码实现

此处代码兼容iOS10以下的版本

framework导入与版本判断

#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>

#define SYSTEM_VERSION_GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO(v)  ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] compare:v options:NSNumericSearch] != NSOrderedAscending)
#define SYSTEM_VERSION_LESS_THAN(v) ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] compare:v options:NSNumericSearch] == NSOrderedAscending)

遵循协议

UIApplicationDelegate与UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate

清零角标

推送通知的角标需要手动调用 [application setApplicationIconBadgeNumber:0]; 方法进行清0

注册推送通知

在application: didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:方法中，调用以下方法进行推送通知的注册，同时需要遵循UIApplicationDelegate协议。在iOS10以上版本需要遵循UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate协议来获取用户处理通知的方式

以下分别采用不同方法注册通知

- (void)registerForRemoteNotifications {
    if (@available(iOS 10, *)) {
        UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
        center.delegate = self;
        [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionBadge) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error){
            if (!error){
                dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
                    NSLog( @"Push registration success." );
                });
            }
            else {
                NSLog( @"Push registration FAILED" );
                NSLog( @"ERROR: %@ - %@", error.localizedFailureReason, error.localizedDescription );
                NSLog( @"SUGGESTIONS: %@ - %@", error.localizedRecoveryOptions, error.localizedRecoverySuggestion );
            }
        }];
    } else {
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:[UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:(UIUserNotificationTypeSound |    UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge) categories:nil]];
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications]; 
        });
    }
}

注册成功后，获取设备token

设备token是注册推送后，苹果服务器返回的一组用来识别当前设备的字符串，需要提交给服务器保存以备识别用户

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
    const unsigned *tokenBytes = [deviceToken bytes];
    NSString *hexToken = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x",
                          ntohl(tokenBytes[0]), ntohl(tokenBytes[1]), ntohl(tokenBytes[2]),
                          ntohl(tokenBytes[3]), ntohl(tokenBytes[4]), ntohl(tokenBytes[5]),
                          ntohl(tokenBytes[6]), ntohl(tokenBytes[7])];
    NSLog(@"token: %@", hexToken);
}

接受通知

接受通知分为冷启动和热启动两种场景，在收到通知的时候，可以获取到通知完整的Dictionary信息

冷启动

冷启动是指app完全没有启动的状态收到推送，然后通过点击推送的方式进行启动app

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
    // Override point for customization after application launch.


    if (launchOptions) {
        if ([launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey]) {
            dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(1 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                NSDictionary *dict = [launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey];
                NSLog(@"launch:%@", dict);
                [self checkUserInfo:dict];
            });
        }
    }

    [self registerForRemoteNotifications];
    return YES;
}

热启动

当前App正在运行中收到的通知

  1. 在iOS 10以上会回调以下方法，正如注释所描述的，在收到通知，用户未点击时，会返回userNotificationCenter:willPresentNotification: withCompletionHandler:方法，而在用户操作之后，根据用户是否dismiss通知，会在userNotificationCenter:didReceiveNotificationResponse:withCompletionHandler:返回不同的action

#pragma mark - UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate
// called when receive notification
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions options))completionHandler API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
    NSLog(@"User Info : %@",notification.request.content.userInfo);
    completionHandler(UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionBadge);

    [self checkUserInfo:notification.request.content.userInfo];
}

//Called to let your app know which action was selected by the user for a given notification.
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
    if (response.actionIdentifier == UNNotificationDefaultActionIdentifier) {
        NSLog(@"default action");
    }
    else if (response.actionIdentifier == UNNotificationDismissActionIdentifier){
        NSLog(@"Dismiss action");
    }

    NSLog(@"User Info : %@",response.notification.request.content.userInfo);
    completionHandler();
}

  1. 在iOS 10以前的老版本，则会通过application： didReceiveRemoteNotification：fetchCompletionHandler：方法触发回调

- (void) application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(void(^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler {
    // iOS 10 will handle notifications through other methods
    if( SYSTEM_VERSION_GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO( @"10.0" ) )
    {
        NSLog( @"iOS version >= 10. Let NotificationCenter handle this one." );
        // set a member variable to tell the new delegate that this is background
        return;
    }
    NSLog( @"HANDLE PUSH, didReceiveRemoteNotification: %@", userInfo );

    // custom code to handle notification content

    if( [UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateInactive )
    {
        NSLog( @"INACTIVE" );
        completionHandler( UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData );
    }
    else if( [UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateBackground )
    {
        NSLog( @"BACKGROUND" );
        completionHandler( UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData );
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog( @"FOREGROUND" );
        completionHandler( UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData );
    }

    dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(1 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"fgPush" object:nil userInfo:userInfo];
        NSLog(@"launch:%@", userInfo);
    });
}

常见问题

获取token失败

  1. 检查profile与证书配置是否正确

  2. 检查网络是否通畅

  3. 重启手机

推送延时

  1. 由于推送通知需要连接国外服务器，所以会有一定的延时，大概在1～2秒左右

  2. 第三方不是超级会员之类的，大多会有延时，半小时到两小时不定都有可能

  3. 遇到延时问题，可以使用自己的apns服务进行推送测试

证书识别错误/找不到证书

  1. 关闭XCode

  2. 重新导入证书和profile

  3. 重启XCode

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